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Data link layer is responsible for converting data stream to signals bit by bit and to send that over the underlying hardware. At the receiving end, Data link layer picks up data from hardware which are in the form of electrical signals, assembles them in a recognizable frame format, and hands over to upper layer.The data link layer is the protocol layer in a program that handles the moving of data into and out of a physical link in a network. The data link layer is Layer 2 in the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) architecture model for a set of telecommunication protocols.The data link layer takes the data bits and “frames,” and creates packets of the data to guarantee reliable transmission. This layer adds source and destination addresses to the data stream as well as information to detect and control transmission errors.
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Data Link layer | OSI model | CN | Computer Networks | Lec-20 | Bhanu Priya
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Continuing this series, it is time for us to explore the next level of the OSI model, the H. data link layer. The data link layer is the second layer in the OSI reference model. It is above the physical layer. Responsibilities of the data link layer include framing, addressing, flow control, error control, and media access control. The data link layer dives the bit stream received from the network layer into manageable data units called frames. It also adds a header to define the addresses of the sender and receiver of the frame. During data transmission, errors can be introduced and there is a non-zero propagation delay between the time a bit is sent and the time it is received. This layer mainly handles framing, flow control, error control, addressing and connection management. The data link layer also improves the reliability of the physical layer by adding mechanisms to detect and retransmit damaged, duplicated or lost frames. When two or more devices are connected to the same link, a data link layer protocol is required to determine which device controls the link at any given time. We will discuss each property of the data link layer (listed above) in detail in subsequent articles. Let us now briefly understand each function: Connection management: The communication connection between the source and the target must be initiated. A val data exchange is maintained and eventually terminated. Control and data on the same connection: Data and control information are combined in one frame and transmitted from the source to the target machine. Control information must be separated from data. Addressing: When many machines are connected to each other (LAN). The entity of each machine must be specified when transmitting data frames. Frame synchronization: The source computer sends data to the destination computer in blocks called frames. The start and end of each frame should be entified so that the target machine can recognize those frames. Error Control: Errors introduced during transmission from source to destination must be detected and corrected at the destination device. Flow Control: The source computer must not send data frames faster than the destination computer can accept them.
Services proved to Network Layer by DLL (Data Link Layer) ?
The data link layer can be designed to prove different types of services to the network layer. Some of them are as follows: 1. Unacknowledged connectionless service In this type of service, the target computer does not send back an acknowledgement after receiving a frame. This is a connectionless service. Therefore, the connection is not established before the communication, or the connection is cleared after the end. If a frame is lost due to channel noise, no attempt is made to recover it. Therefore, the service is only suitable for low error rates. It works with any real-time traffic like voice. This service is very unreliable. 2. Approved connectionless service This is the next step in improving reliability. With this service, no connection is established for data transfer, but the receiver sends an acknowledgment to the sender for each received frame. If a frame is not received within a certain amount of time, it is consered lost and the sender will resend it. 3. Confirmed connection-oriented service The source and destination machines establish a connection before transferring data. Each frame sent is assigned a specific number, and the data link layer guarantees that each frame sent is received. All frames are guaranteed to be received in the same order as they were transmitted. Each received frame is indivually acknowledged by the target machine.
What is Framing in DLL (Data Link Layer) ?
The bits to be transmitted are first dived into discrete frames at the data link layer. In order to ensure that the bit stream is correct, the checksum of each frame is calculated. Data transfer in the physical layer essentially means moving bits from a source to a destination in the form of a signal. The data link layer must also pack bits into frames so that each frame can be distinguished from each other. Our postal system implements a framework. If it differs from the checksum present in the frame, the data link layer knows that an error has occurred. Then it discards the erroneous frame and sends back a retransmission request. The frame size can be fixed or variable. A fixed-size frame, the boundaries of the frame do not need to be defined, and the size itself can act as a delimiter. The division of a bitstream into frames is called framing. One way is to add time gaps between frames. In practice, however, this framing technique does not work satisfactorily because the network usually does not prove any timing guarantees.
Framing Methods in Data Link Layer !!
character count method: This method uses a field in the header to represent the number of characters in the frame. This number helps the receiver know the exact number of characters in the frame after this count. Leading and trailing characters with character padding: We use leading characters before the start of each frame and ending characters at the end of each frame. The ASCII string DLE STX is transmitted before each frame. Character padding: The data link layer on the sender se inserts an ASCII DLE character before each random DLE character in the data to be transmitted. The data link layer at the receiving end strips these DLE characters before the data is transmitted to the network layer. Physical Layer Coding Violation: This framing method is only suitable for networks where the coding on the physical medium contains some redundancy. Some LANs use two physical bits to encode each bit of data. In the next article, we will introduce the important protocols implemented in this layer for efficient data transfer. So stay tuned. report this ad
What is data link layer in computer networks?
The data link layer is the protocol layer in a program that handles the moving of data into and out of a physical link in a network. The data link layer is Layer 2 in the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) architecture model for a set of telecommunication protocols.
What is data link layer and its functions?
The data link layer takes the data bits and “frames,” and creates packets of the data to guarantee reliable transmission. This layer adds source and destination addresses to the data stream as well as information to detect and control transmission errors.
What is data link layer and network layer?
Network layer: Handles the routing and sending of data between different networks. The most important protocols at this layer are IP and ICMP. 2. Data link layer: Handles communications between devices on the same network.
What is data link layer and examples?
Examples of data link protocols are Ethernet, Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), HDLC and ADCCP. In the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP), the data link layer functionality is contained within the link layer, the lowest layer of the descriptive model, which is assumed to be independent of physical infrastructure.
Why is data link layer needed in computer networks?
Data-link layer ensures flow control that enables both machine to exchange data on same speed. When host on the shared link tries to transfer the data, it has a high probability of collision. Data-link layer provides mechanism such as CSMA/CD to equip capability of accessing a shared media among multiple Systems.
What is are the advantages of data link layer?
Advantages of Data Link layer
Having hidden protocols allows any protocols implementation and has the flexibility to adapt with many protocols. It provides a connection through connection-oriented methods as well as connectionless services.
What are the four main function of data link layer?
The main functions of data link layer include framing, error detection and correction, acknowledgement, flow control, ensuring well-defined reliable service interface to the network layer, encapsulating packets from network layer to frames, etc.
What is one main characteristic of the data link layer?
It generates the electrical or optical signals that represent the 1 and 0 on the media. It converts a stream of data bits into a predefined code. It shields the upper layer protocol from being aware of the physical medium to be used in the communication.
What are the two main jobs of the data link layer?
Question: The two main functions of the data link layer are data link control and media access control.
What are the issues in data link layer?
- Dealing with transmission errors.
- Sending acknowledgement frames in reliable connections.
- Retransmitting lost frames.
- Identifying duplicate frames and deleting them.
- Controlling access to shared channels in case of broadcasting.
What is the function of data link layer Mcq?
The data-link layer is responsible for
This layer is responsible for moving frames from one hop to next. The Data-link layer divides the stream of bits received from the network layer into manageable units called frames. It adds a header to the frame to define the sender and receiver of the frame.
What are the types of data link layer?
The data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model actually consists of two sublayers: the Media Access Control (MAC) sublayer and the Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer. The MAC sublayer controls device interaction. The LLC sublayer deals with addressing and multiplexing.
Which is the link layer protocol?
Explanation: There are many data link layer protocols. Some of them are SDLC (synchronous data link protocol), HDLC (High level data link control), SLIP (serial line interface protocol), PPP (Point to point protocol) etc. These protocols are used to provide the logical link control function of the Data Link Layer.
What are the two sub layers of the data link layer?
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) has subdivided the data link layer into two sublayers: Logical Link Control (LLC) and Media Access Control (MAC).
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