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Introduction to SDN (Software-defined Networking)
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SDN (Software Defined Networking) is the new buzzword in networking. Arguably, an SDN network is nothing but a programmable, software-based networking technology defined and configured to help improve network efficiency. In this post, we’ll take a deep dive into various aspects of SDN technology, and the protocols used in this software-defined networking setup. So relax and move on. We’ll start by reviewing some of the basic networking concepts we’ve covered in previous articles. To understand SDN network concepts, it is important to first restate the basics of the OSI layer for better understanding. Note: If you are already familiar with networking basics, you can skip the next section and skip directly to the SDN topic in the later section.
What Is Networking ? (Basic Definition Of Networking !!)
A network is basically defined as a connection between two or more devices (or people) that connect to each other to exchange data and any kind of information. Once you understand what networking is, networking can be described as interacting with others (devices or people) to share information and create professional or social connections. Various components exist in the network now. Once a device transmits data, the packet travels through multiple layers of the network (OSI layers) before being received by the receiving device. Now you may be wondering what exactly does this OSI layer mean? . Now let’s take a quick look at the OSI layers: The Open Standard Interface (OSI) is a standard protocol that defines the communication between two devices. The functionality of the OSI model is neatly dived into seven distinct layers. Let’s visit the seventh floor. Physical Layer: Used to transmit raw data over a communication channel. It transmits data as 0 and 1. Data layer: Data is dived into frames, and the frames are transmitted in sequence. The main purpose of this layer is to prevent transmission errors. Network layer: Data is converted in the form of packets. This layer logically forwards packets based on IP addresses. Transport Layer: This layer is responsible for end-to-end connections on the network. Here, the data is transformed in the form of segments. Session Layer: This layer is responsible for establishing sessions between devices. This layer synchronizes data between devices and establishes connections between them. Presentation Layer: This layer is responsible for formatting the data and proving proper data encryption. Application Layer: This layer is used to transmit and distribute data between devices. Now let’s understand some basic network devices and how they work: Hub: Forwards packets to any device connected to its network. It has no intelligence purpose. It is part of the physical layer (layer 1) of the OSI model. If you want to know more, just click it. Switch: Used to receive data and transmit it to the destination. The switch has a smart purpose. It forwards packets based on the destination address. It is part of the data link layer (layer 2). Router: Forwards packets between the same network or another network. It is a network layer (layer 3) device. Routers use IP addresses. Now let’s look at the different network layers that generally exist: Data layer: The data layer is used to transfer data between devices. It handles the entire process involved in forwarding packets from source to destination. It is also known as forwarding plane, user plane and bearer plane. Control plane: As the name suggests, it controls the movement of data. It handles the functions and processes that help determine the best way to transfer data. At this level, routing protocols are used to discover devices on the network and understand the network topology. Management layer: Its main function is to control, monitor and manage equipment, and transmit management traffic. Protocols such as SNMP can be used for such operations. Now is the time to explore our main topic in detail, which is about software-defined networking (SDN networking) technology.
What Is Software Defined Network (SDN Technology) ?
SDN works primarily on the control and data planes (it separates the two planes). It uses virtualization technology in the network area. SDN technology uses intelligent controllers to manage and monitor traffic through various combinations of routers and switches and effectively utilize dynamic traffic routing. The basic ea behind SDN is the separation of control plane and data plane, making the network agile and flexible. SDN is a trend among established vendors such as Brocade, Cisco, HP, and VMware. The SDN architecture is based on the combination of software and hardware, which separates the SDN control plane and the SDN data plane. Let us now understand the SDN architecture in the next section.
What Is The Software Defined Network (SDN) Architecture ?
As mentioned earlier, SDN essentially strives to keep the control and data planes separate, and well separated in every sense. Now let’s look at the different layers: Infrastructure layer: It consists of network devices. This layer will be the physical layer. Control plane: Network intelligence reses at the control plane. The control plane has the control logic to manage the network. In SDN, the controller is the brain of the network. It is independent hardware hden by the Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL). Flow table entries for multiple devices are manipulated by the controller. Let’s take an example and conser a bus carrying passengers. Here, the passengers on the bus work like a physical/data plane. Also, the controller that controls the bus (bus driver) functions like a control plane or SDN controller.
Complete Operation Of The SDN Network !!
Time to learn more about how software-defined networking technology actually works. So let’s move on. In SDN, we have a central controller for the control plane. In the image above, you can see the SDN controller responsible for the control plane. In SDN, switches have a data plane instead of a control plane. The SDN controller proves the switch’s data plane with information from its control plane. SDN basically uses a centralized controller, where a single device handles the configuration of the entire network. This controller has full access and observation of everything happening on our network. The SDN controller uses two special interfaces: the northbound interface (NBI). Southbound Interface (SBI).
Southbound Interface
In order to program the data plane, the SDN controller needs to communicate with our network equipment. This action is performed through a southbound interface, which is a software interface, usually an application programming interface (API). API: A software interface that allows applications to grant access to other applications by using predefined functions and data structures. Some popular southbound interfaces are: 1. OpenFlow: This is currently the most popular Southbound Interface (SBI) and is an open source protocol from the Open Networking Foundation. Only a few network devices and SDN controllers support OpenFlow. 2. Cisco OpFlex: This is Cisco’s answer to OpenFlow. Cisco submitted the protocol to the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standardization process in April 2014.
Northbound Interface
The northbound interface is used to access the SDN controller. It allows administrators to access the SDN to configure it or obtain information from it. This can be done through the GUI. It also proves an API that allows other applications to access the SDN controller. Multiple applications can access the SDN controller through the API. The user starts using the GUI to get data from the SDN controller over the network. The GUI uses the API on the backend. To configure the network or retrieve information from the SDN controller, the API can use scripts written in Java or Python. The SDN controller uses the Representational State Transfer (REST) API. It uses HTTP messages to send and receive information between the SDN controller and the application. When the SDN controller receives an “HTTP GET” request, it responds with an “HTTP GET Reply” message with the requested information. Information is proved in common data formats (XML and JSON). The main goal of SDN networking is to make any network open and programmable to developers. In this way, developers can change network behavior according to the needs of different network applications. In the SDN model, we basically have three components, viz. H. SDN controllers (i.e. network operating systems that prove programmable interfaces), forwarding devices (receive packets, perform operations that change or remove packet headers, update counters, etc.), and finally we have various network applications that directly access network parameters possible will affect. The SDN controller deces exactly what to do with the packets forwarded by the forwarding device. SDN focuses on the following key areas: Separation of data plane from control plane Centralization of the control plane Standardized interfaces between devices and controllers Programmability of the control plane by external applications SDN allows users to treat all devices equally by manufacturer or device The specification hes the data layer, thereby presenting the entire data layer as a virtual abstraction layer. SDN proves the flexibility to view the entire data plane infrastructure as a virtual resource that can be configured and controlled by the upper control plane. In an SDN architecture, the network is a logical device to applications. The
Is There Any Significance Of Centralizing The Control Plane ?
control plane defines the control and intelligence required by the data plane. Data plane hardware devices are now freed from their indivual control planes and can act as a collective resource. A centralized control plane can check the health of the data layer and dynamically adjust in response to new demands and changing conditions. The control plane proves a global view of network-we resources, representing all network devices as virtual logical networks. The control and data planes are often referred to as northbound and southbound interfaces. As you know, the controller’s southbound interface communicates with the lower-level hardware infrastructure, and the northbound interface communicates with business applications. Control plane programming allows absolute communication between different parts of the network and proves flexible adaptive control of the network. The SDN controller software runs on separate hardware, proving centralized access to the entire network. Applications can use northbound messages to extract information about the network. Automation through network programmability (by using a DevOps approach to the network) is one of the ways that IT can control the costs associated with rap growth without exhausting engineers.
What Is OpenFlow Concept In SDN Network ? (Protocols Used In Software Defined Network Technology)
OpenFlow is a protocol that allows SDN controllers to communicate with the forwarding layer of network devices. It is consered one of the first standards for software-defined networking (SDN). The SDN controller is the “brain” of the SDN network. Any device that wants to communicate with an SDN controller must support the OpenFlow protocol. With OpenFlow, the SDN controller propagates changes to the switch or router flow table, allowing network administrators to segment traffic, control the flow for optimal performance, and begin testing new configurations and applications.
Benefits of OpenFlow Protocol in any SDN Network
Programmability: Programmability supports innovation/differentiation. Accelerate the introduction of new features and services. Centralized Intelligence: Simplified Deployment. Optimize performance. Fine-grained policy management. Abstraction: hardware and software decoupling. Control plane and forwarding. Physical and logical configuration..
What Are SDN Controllers Used In Practical Networking Areas ?
OpenDaylight is an open source SDN controller. It is currently known as an open source SDN controller. We need some OpenFlow enabled switches to test Open Daylight. The best virtual network for testing open daylight is Mininet. Using Mininet, you can run a virtual network on your computer using devices that basically support OpenFlow. The OpenDaylight SDN controller on top and two OpenFlow switches controlled by the SDN controller. Two hosts are connected to the switch. See the settings below: DHCP, or Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, is a network protocol that allows a server to automatically assign IP addresses to computers from a pool of numbers, or ranges, configured for a particular network. SSH is known as an encrypted network protocol for network security operations. One of the most popular protocols used between network devices and SDN controllers is OpenFlow. For example open daylight.
Industry Trends With Respect To The Implementation Of The SDN Network !!
SDN technology is event in any network solution prover. Let’s take a look at the best and most reputable SDN technology provers: 1. Avaya Avaya is an American multinational company that proves complete network solutions. Avaya presents its SDN framework as a use case for the following services. Cloud-based service. IT-as-a-Service solutions. Software Defined Data Center (SDDC). Avaya’s SDN framework is based on the IEEE/IETF Shortest Path Brging standard and OpenStack – an open source cloud operating system. 2. Brocade Brocade is also a US company that manufactures networking hardware and software products and proves SDN-enabled controllers built entirely from open source OpenDaylight software.
Brocade’s literature on SDN controller states that
It proves a common network view for multi-vendor networks and virtual machines, as well as a smooth introduction to SDN and full application portability for OpenDaylight-based applications. 3. Cisco Cisco is one of the largest global network equipment companies. It is one of the world’s leading IT and networking companies. Cisco is committed to SDN by proving production-ready OpenFlow-based controllers and OpenFlow agents. 4. Hewlett-Packard Hewlett-Packard (HP) is a popular software and hardware vendor focused on SDN. HP offers products and solutions based on the ONE definition. At the infrastructure level, they prove OpenFlow switches, routers, controllers, and other systems. HP promotes SDN applications for network policy management, virtual networking, cloud computing, data centers, and more. 5. VMware NSX VMware NSX is a network security and virtualization platform for the software-defined data center. It originated after VMware acquired Nicira in 2012. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) was introduced to VMware following this acquisition. The solution decouples network functions from physical devices, similar to decoupling virtual servers (VMs) from physical servers. I hope you really enjoyed this article on the structure and architecture of software-defined networking. Stay tuned for more interesting content in this series. report this ad
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