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1: WPAN / Bluetooth. Task group one is based on Bluetooth technology. It defines physical layer (PHY) and Media Access Control (MAC) specification for wireless connectivity with fixed, portable and moving devices within or entering personal operating space.2.2 IEEE 802.15.1 – Bluetooth. The IEEE 802.15. 1 standard [3] is the basis for the Bluetooth wireless communi- cation technology. Bluetooth is a low tier, ad hoc, terrestrial, wireless standard for short range communication. It is designed for small and low cost devices with low power consumption.IEEE has approved a Bluetooth based standard named IEEE 802.15. 1 for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs). IEEE standard covers MAC and Physical layer applications.
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IEEE 802.15.1 Bluetooth
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In the previous article, we took a detailed look at the architecture of IEEE 802.11 (the wireless LAN standard). Now, in this article, we will examine in detail the architecture of the IEEE 802.15 standard, the Bluetooth technology. Bluetooth is the second most common WLAN (Wireless LAN) technology in use today. Bluetooth technology is wely used to connect various devices, such as computers, printers, mobile phones, etc. It was originally started as a project by Ericsson. Let’s take a closer look at this.
What is Bluetooth Technology Standard ?
A bluetooth LAN is an ad hoc network (already covered in the previous article), which means that the network is formed immediately, the devices then find each other and form a network called a piconet (the network used by bluetooth devices is create). If one of the gadgets has this capability, the Bluetooth LAN can also connect to the Internet. Naturally, the Bluetooth LAN cannot be very large. Technically speaking, Bluetooth technology is based on the IEEE 802.15 standard. The technique used is FHSS (frequency hopping). It works in the 2.4 GHz band. It uses a modulation technique called GFSK. Supports data rates up to 700 Kbps. The maximum working range is 10 meters. Bluetooth technology is basically an implementation of a protocol defined by the IEEE 802.15 standard. This standard defines a wireless personal area network (PAN) that can operate in a room or hall sized area.
Bluetooth Technology Architecture (IEEE 802.15 protocol)
A Bluetooth network (composed of peer devices) is called a piconet or small network. A piconet can have up to 8 sites (up to 8 connected devices), one of which is called the primary site and the others are called secondary sites. All slaves synchronize their clocks and the jump sequence is the same as the master. Furthermore, a piconet can only have one master. Communication between master and slave is a one-to-one or one-to-many relationship. Piconets can be combined to form another network called a scatternet. A secondary station in any piconet can be a primary station in another piconet. The station can receive messages from the primary station in the first piconet (as the secondary station) and send them as the primary station to the secondary station in the second piconet. Bluetooth devices have a built-in radio transmitter and have a short range. The current data rate is 1 Mbit/s and the bandwth is 2.4 GHz.
Bluetooth Layers
Bluetooth uses several layers, as follows: The radio layer is roughly analogous to the physical layer of the Internet model. Bluetooth devices have low power consumption and a range of up to 10m. Bluetooth uses the 2.4GHz ISM band, which is further dived into 79 channels, each with 1MHz. Bluetooth implements Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) at the physical layer to avo interference from other devices or other networks. To convert bits into signals, Bluetooth uses a modified version called GFSK (FSK with Gaussian Bandwth Filtering). GFSK has a carrier frequency. The baseband layer is roughly the same as the MAC sublayer on the LAN. The access method is TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access). Primary and secondary use time slots to communicate with each other. The length of the time window corresponds exactly to the dwell time, 625 µs (microseconds). Bluetooth uses a type of TDMA called TDD-TDMA (Time Division Duplex TDMA). TDD-TDMA is a variant of half-duplex communication in which the auxiliary device and receiver send and receive data, but not at the same time.
Frame format in IEEE 802.15 (Bluetooth standard)
Frames at the baseband level can be of one of three types: one-slot, three-slot, or five-slot. A time slot is mainly 625 µs. However, the frequency hopping and control mechanisms require 259 µs in a slotted frame exchange. This means that a single slot frame can only last 625-259 or 366 µs. Access Code: This 72-bit field usually contains synchronization bits and a master entifier to distinguish one piconet’s frame from another. Header: This 54-bit field is an 18-bit repeating pattern. Each mode has the following subfields: Address: It is a 3-bit address subfield that can define up to seven secondary nodes (1 through 7). If the address is empty, it is used for broadcast communication from the master node to all slave nodes. Type: It is a 4-bit subfield that defines the data type from the upper layer. F: This 1-bit subfield is used for flow control. If set to (I), the device cannot receive more frames (buffer is full). A: This 1-bit subfield is used for confirmation. Bluetooth uses stop waiting for ARQ. 1 bit is enough for confirmation. S: 1-bit subfield containing the serial number. Bluetooth uses stop waiting for ARQ. 1 bit is sufficient for sequential numbering. HEC: The 8-bit Header Error Correction subfield is a checksum used to detect errors in each 18-bit header section. Payload: This subfield can be 0 to 2740 bits in length. It contains data/control information from upper layers.
L2CAP in bluetooth frame
The Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol or L2CAP (where L2 stands for LL) largely corresponds to the LLC sublayer in the LAN. The 16-bit length field mainly defines the byte size of the data from the upper layer. Data can be up to 65,535 bytes long. Channel Identifier (CID) defines a unique entifier for a specific virtual channel. L2CAP mainly performs specific tasks, ie. H. Multiplexing, segmentation and reassembly, quality of service (QoS), and group management. In the next article, we will detail another of IEEE’s most important standards, Wimax technology. So stay tuned. report this ad
What is Bluetooth IEEE standard?
2.2 IEEE 802.15.1 – Bluetooth. The IEEE 802.15. 1 standard [3] is the basis for the Bluetooth wireless communi- cation technology. Bluetooth is a low tier, ad hoc, terrestrial, wireless standard for short range communication. It is designed for small and low cost devices with low power consumption.
Is IEEE 802.15 Bluetooth?
IEEE has approved a Bluetooth based standard named IEEE 802.15. 1 for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs). IEEE standard covers MAC and Physical layer applications.
What is main use of 802.15 Bluetooth protocol?
802.15. 1, more commonly known as Bluetooth, is a low-data-rate, low-power wireless networking standard aimed at replacing cables between lightweight devices [IEEE802. 15.1]. The Bluetooth protocol stack, shown in Figure 1, is somewhat unusual compared to other IEEE networking stacks.
What are the differences between IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.15 standards?
Channelization. The legacy 802.15. 4 standard usually operates in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz band using Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS), which can accommodate data rates up to 250 Kbps. On the other hand, the 802.11ah utilizes the sub-1 GHz license-exempt bands to provide an extended range to Wi-Fi networks.
What are IEEE standards used for?
Essentially, the IEEE 802 standards help make sure internet services and technologies follow a set of recommended practices so network devices can all work together smoothly. IEEE 802 is divided into 22 parts that cover the physical and data-link aspects of networking.
How does Bluetooth work IEEE?
Bluetooth uses UHF radio waves for data transfer. The technology was originally standardized as IEEE 802.15. 1, but the IEEE no longer maintains that specific standard. Companies that work with Bluetooth are often affiliated with the Bluetooth Special Interest group (SIG).
What is Bluetooth technology?
What is Bluetooth? Bluetooth technology allows devices to communicate with each other without cables or wires. Bluetooth relies on short-range radio frequency, and any device that incorporates the technology can communicate as long as it is within the required distance.
What are the types of Bluetooth?
From a technical perspective, there are essentially three different types of devices: “Classic” Bluetooth, Blue- tooth dual-mode and Bluetooth single-mode. The first is the “classic” Bluetooth device as mentioned earlier. These are typically those devices that need a maintained and often high-throughput connection.
What type of network is Bluetooth?
Bluetooth uses short-wavelength UHF radio waves of a frequency range between 2.4 and 2.485 GHz. Bluetooth enables one to create a personal area network wherein multiple devices talk to each other wirelessly via Bluetooth—a typical usage is home control automation systems.
What is IEEE full form?
Meaning of I-E-E-E
IEEE, pronounced “Eye-triple-E,” stands for the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. The organization is chartered under this name and it is the full legal name.
How many IEEE standards are there?
Often the central source for standardization in a broad range of emerging technologies, the IEEE Standards Association has an active portfolio of nearly 1,076 standards and more than 984 projects under development.
Which IoT technologies are based on the IEEE 802.15 standard?
These are common wireless IoT protocols where each addresses a growing need in IoT applications. Among the wireless IoT technologies based on IEEE 802.15. 4 are the ZigBee and Thread specifications. The ZigBee specification operates in multiple bands, as specified by the standard IEEE 802.1.
What IEEE standard does Bluetooth use what are its features?
…
Bluetooth.
| Developed by | Bluetooth Special Interest Group |
|---|---|
| Introduced | 7 May 1998 |
| Industry | Personal area networks |
What is frequency of Bluetooth?
What is the IEEE standard for Wi-Fi?
IEEE 802.11 is part of the IEEE 802 set of local area network (LAN) technical standards, and specifies the set of media access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) protocols for implementing wireless local area network (WLAN) computer communication.
See some more details on the topic What is Bluetooth Technology (IEEE 802.15 Standard) here:
What is Bluetooth Technology (IEEE 802.15 Standard) ?
Technically , a bluetooth technology is based on the IEEE 802.15 standard. The technique used in this is FHSS (frequency hopping) . It operates …
What is 802.15? – Definition from WhatIs.com – TechTarget
Bluetooth is a well-known and wely used specification that defines parameters for wireless communications among portable digital devices including notebook …
Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1) – T&M Atlantic
This means that no single company “owns” Bluetooth technology, but that many members of the Bluetooth SIG work together to develop Bluetooth technology.
IEEE 802.15 WPAN Task Group 1 (TG1)
The new IEEE Std 802.15.1™-2002 standard is an additional resource for those who implement Bluetooth devices. The following 802.15.1 …
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